Therefore, the term “Hellenic” came to mean a “foreigner” or “immigrant” to Egypt.
Hellenistic and Roman Egypt: Sources and approaches. “Hellenic-or ‘not Egyptian’-legal status was based on official national origin, and virtually all foreigners qualified as Hellenes” (Bagnall, 2006 Bagnall, R. My students, all in‐service K–12 art teachers, frequently report such content as part of their own multicultural efforts.ģ I understand hegemony here to be the maintenance of a dominant group's control and influence over others through the spread of ideology that serves to garner people's conscious and/or unconscious assent to this domination.Ĥ Although there were only two designations of “official” ethnicity under Ptolemaic rule, Hellenes and Egyptian, many ethnicities comprised the Fayum. The old were depicted as old, the young as young, and a facial reconstruction of at least one mummy is a dead ringer for the man in the portrait.
).Ģ I teach a graduate‐level multicultural art education course. The following are a few of the contemporary artists who create artworks that challenge notions of a homogenous Egypt bounded by national borders, and who resist and transform what is thought of as tradition and provoke critical understandings of Egypt's dynamism, hybridity, and diversity: Armen Agop, Ghada Amer, Alaa Awad, Ahmed Badry, Khadiga El‐Ghawas, Tarek El Komi, Khaled Hafez, Fathi Hassan, Susan Hefuna, Hazem Taha Hussein, and Hassan Khan (Martinique, 2016 Martinique, E. This portrait acted as a ‘death mask’ to be bound to its subject after he was mummified. Stephen Quirke, an Egyptologist at the Petrie museum and a contributor to the museum’s 2007 catalog Living Images, says the Fayum paintings may be equated with those of an old master-only they’re about 1,500 years older.ĭoxiadis has a similar view, saying the works’ artistic merit suggests that “the greats of the Renaissance and post-Renaissance, such as Titian and Rembrandt, had great predecessors in the ancient world.1 To help erode stereotypes and ahistorical visions of Egypt, contemporary artists of Egyptian ancestry and/or birth should be integrated into the curriculum to complement the Fayum mummy portraits. Unknown ArtistFayum mummy portrait of middle-aged man, c.250 AD 300 ADFreud Museum London reference: 4946. Paintings on mummies found at Hawara and er-Rubayat (the cemetery of ancient Philadelphia) are the largest groups, and since both places are located in the Fayum region, this has led to the practice of calling all mummy paintings 'Fayum portraits. “The effect of realism is crucial,” says the museum’s Rikke Therkildsen. They documented extensive use of Egyptian blue, a copper-containing synthetic pigment, around the eyes, nose and mouth, perhaps to create shading, and mixed with red elsewhere on the skin, perhaps to enhance the illusion of flesh. In 1887, inhabitants of the area near el-Rubayat (in the Fayum) discovered and excavated numerous mummies with portraits. But scholars increasingly appreciate the startlingly penetrating works, and are even studying them with noninvasive high-tech tools.Īt the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek museum in Copenhagen, scientists recently used luminescence digital imaging to analyze one portrait of a woman.
“The illusion, when standing in front of them, is that of coming face to face with someone one has to answer to-someone real.”īy now, nearly 1,000 Fayum paintings exist in collections in Egypt and at the Louvre, the British and Petrie museums in London, the Metropolitan and Brooklyn museums, the Getty in California and elsewhere.įor decades, the portraits lingered in a sort of classification limbo, considered Egyptian by Greco-Roman scholars and Greco-Roman by Egyptians. “The Fayum portraits have an almost disturbing lifelike quality and intensity,” says Euphrosyne Doxiadis, an artist who lives in Athens and Paris and is the author of The Mysterious Fayum Portraits. The images seem to allow us to gaze directly into the ancient world. All fayum mummy portraits artwork ships within 48 hours and includes a. Fayum mummy portrait of a man, 1st century AD, Oriental Institute, Chicago Photo by Sailko CC BY 3.0 What kind of society could have produced these incredible portraits According to National Geographic the paintings were produced in Egypt under Roman rule in the 1st century, at a time when the region could best be described as a cultural melting pot. Excavating a vast cemetery from the first and second centuries A.D., when imperial Rome ruled Egypt, he found scores of exquisite portraits executed on wood panels by anonymous artists, each one associated with a mummified body. Shop for fayum mummy portraits wall art from the worlds greatest living artists. Flinders Petrie turned his attention to the Fayum, a sprawling oasis region 150 miles south of Alexandria. Between 18, the British archaeologist W.M.
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